{"id":5069,"date":"2024-03-07T17:35:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T16:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cmp-impianti.it\/heat-stress-in-beef-cattle\/"},"modified":"2024-04-17T09:24:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T07:24:49","slug":"heat-stress-in-beef-cattle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cmp-impianti.it\/en\/heat-stress-in-beef-cattle\/","title":{"rendered":"Heat stress in beef cattle"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5069\" class=\"elementor elementor-5069 elementor-5062\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a47b2a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0a47b2a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7556cf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7556cf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Heat stress in beef cattle<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e1dc62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e1dc62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Explanation and consequences<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d18f9b5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d18f9b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3d988f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3d988f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Heat stress is the result of an imbalance between the heat produced and the heat dissipated by the animals, and the consequences vary from mild involvement to death in the most vulnerable animals. During the summer period heat stress manifests itself as hyperthermia and the consequences are manifold:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2412b62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2412b62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>increased respiratory and cardiac rates;<\/li>\n<li>increased sweating with loss of large amounts of electrolytes and consequent dehydration;<\/li>\n<li>decreased ingestion up to 15-20% and increased energy requirements up to 20-30% to maintain body temperature;<\/li>\n<li>reduction in daily weight gain (Chester-Jones report a 37% reduction in weight gain in animals subjected to heat stress over a long period);<\/li>\n<li>increased oxidative stress and immunodepression;<\/li>\n<li>increased frequency of DFD (Dark Firm Dry) meat at slaughter due to low muscle glycogen reserves;<\/li>\n<li>increased incidence of disease and mortality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff2f0a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff2f0a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The level of stress that animals experience is a combination of several factors:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e264a47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e264a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><b>environmental<\/b>: temperatures and relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation;<\/li>\n<li><b>susceptibility of the individual<\/b>: race, sex, temperament, genetics and pervious illnesses;<\/li>\n<li><b>management<\/b>: access to food and water, animal handling and manipulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b110715 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b110715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From an economic point of view, heat stress causes losses in the order of millions of dollars in the United States, and the situation in Europe is absolutely comparable.<\/p>\n<p>Knowing therefore the environmental conditions in which the herd is in a situation of maximum well-being allows us to intervene by adopting strategies to mitigate the effects of the hottest season.<\/p>\n<p>However, it is not enough to refer only to the environmental temperature, but the combination of the latter with relative humidity, expressed as <b>THI (temperature humidity index)<\/b>, allows us to better evaluate the degree of stress suffered by the animals.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb2b39d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bb2b39d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In beef cattle, the THI threshold defining the beginning of a stress condition is higher than for dairy cows. The latter, due to the large amount of metabolic heat linked to milk production, begin to show the negative effects of heat stress already at THI values of <b>68-70<\/b> and for the most productive cows the threshold is even lowered to <b>65<\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7307d0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7307d0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the case of beef cattle the threshold is set at <b>75-78<\/b>, but even in this case the individual susceptibility leads some individuals to show symptoms of stress already at THI values of <b>72<\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e97224b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e97224b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf893d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf893d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Possible interventions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72a190a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72a190a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All this makes clear the importance of intervening to optimize environmental conditions also in beef farming. Therefore, several strategies have been developed over time to improve animal welfare during the summer season and can be classified into:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a018023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a018023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li>managing access to <b>food<\/b> and <b>water<\/b>;<\/li>\n<li>optimization of animal handling;<\/li>\n<li><b>shading<\/b>;<\/li>\n<li>forced <b>ventilation<\/b>;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6733e96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6733e96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Paying particular attention to food and water management helps to counteract the drop in intake typical of the warmer season. In particular, it is necessary to guarantee free access to water by installing an adequate number of drinking points with a proper flow rate. As far as the unified is concerned, stimulate ingestion by using high quality, easily digestible feed and organizing the discharges (preferably more than one during the day) during the cooler hours.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cbb217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cbb217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is also essential to reduce handling and all operations involving the handling of animals. In cases that cannot be avoided, always choose the coolest hours of the day as the movement and muscular activity itself results in the production of heat.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93de6b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93de6b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>From the environmental point of view, it is first of all necessary to avoid overcrowding in order to avoid competition, but also to optimize the quality of the shelters trying to reduce the <strong>presence of flies<\/strong> and parasites.<\/p>\n<p>Regarding structures, natural ventilation must be well evaluated at the time of construction and, in addition, shading is essential to prevent the animals from being exposed to excessive sunlight. Often, however, shading and natural ventilation are not sufficient to guarantee <strong>welfare conditions<\/strong>. It therefore becomes essential to combine a forced ventilation system with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cmp-impianti.it\/en\/products\/ventilation\/\">horizontal fans<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24f4cb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24f4cb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The installation of these systems to support natural ventilation has a positive influence on several aspects:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f77c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2f77c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><b>improvement of air quality<\/b> by reducing the concentration of harmful gases;<\/li>\n<li>improvement of the quality of the shelters due to the lower humidity and with the consequent reduction of the quantity of material used for the bedding;<\/li>\n<li><b>reduction<\/b> in the presence of flies;<\/li>\n<li><b>increased heat loss<\/b> from animals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ee0cf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ee0cf3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>All this allows therefore an important improvement of welfare conditions avoiding the decrease of ingestion and obtaining a drastic <b>reduction of pathologies<\/b> and mortality.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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3.2-26.4-1.3-2.5-5-3.9-10.5-6.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-875d545 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"875d545\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4544b67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4544b67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heat stress is the result of an imbalance between the heat produced and the heat dissipated by the animals, and the consequences vary from mild involvement to death in the most vulnerable animals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5072,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,13],"tags":[25],"class_list":["post-5069","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-notizie","tag-news-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Heat stress in beef cattle | CMP - Animal Welfare<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cmp-impianti.it\/en\/heat-stress-in-beef-cattle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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